Pragmatic Interpretation of The "Love" Concept in The Illustration of The World (On The Example of A. Navoi’s Ghazals)

Abstract

The study of mystical and moral concepts in classical literature is essential for understanding the philosophical and spiritual foundations of cultural identity in the Eastern world. Among these, the concept of “nafs” (passion or ego) in Alisher Navoi’s ghazals plays a pivotal role in conveying ethical ideals and spiritual transformation within Sufi literary traditions. Although “nafs” is widely referenced in Islamic mysticism and literature, its pragmatic and symbolic representation in Navoi’s poetic discourse remains underexplored through a linguistic and conceptual lens. This study aims to explore the pragmatic interpretation of the concept of “nafs” in the works of Alisher Navoi, examining its metaphorical representation and its association with symbols such as the world, elements of nature, and mystical imagery. The research reveals that Navoi equates “nafs” with worldly desire and egoism, using metaphors such as the adorned but deceptive bride (worldliness), and contrasts this with the virtues of spiritual poverty and human perfection. His poetry critiques greed, arrogance, and oppression while advocating for humility, purity, and self-sacrifice as the path to enlightenment. By analyzing Navoi’s lyrical symbols and referencing Sufi interpretations, the article presents a nuanced understanding of “nafs” not only as a moral obstacle but as a concept with layered semantic, philosophical, and social implications. This interpretation provides valuable insights for both literary scholarship and moral philosophy, demonstrating how classical poetry can serve as a vehicle for ethical reflection and spiritual education across generations.