In Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Green Synthesized Cuo: Nio Nanocomposites Against Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Keywords:
CuO:NiO nanocomposite, green synthesis, cytotoxicity, crystallite, prostate cancer.Abstract
In vitro cytotoxic evaluation of CuO:NiO nanocomposites synthesized using two phytogenic routes employing Cinnamomum cassia and Mentha plant extracts against human prostate cancer cell line (DU145) and human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) were investigated in this study. Also, comprehensive characterization to study the structural and morphological analyses using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and EDX techniques. According to XRD, Cinnamomum cassia-mediated and Mentha-mediated nanocomposites formed crystalline phases with 25.14 nm and 20.27 nm crystallite sizes, respectively. FESEM observations revealed that the particles in Cinnamomum cassia-mediated nanocomposites are clustered and spherical, while in Mentha-mediated nanocomposites, they are more uniform in size and less likely to cluster. The elemental analysis of EDX found Cu, Ni, and O in both nanocomposites, but the Cinnamomum cassia had a higher amount of Cu (33.69%) and Ni (28.00%) than those prepared using Mentha (Cu: 21.87% and Ni: 22.10%). Both types of nanocomposites were found to have low toxicity toward the normal HFF cells, but were more selective cytotoxicity against the DU145 cancer cells. The anticancer effect of Cinnamomum cassia-based nanocomposites show greater (IC50 = 864.41 μg/mL) than that of Mentha-based nanocomposites (IC50 = 920.28 μg/mL). The morphological analysis of cells after cancer therapy showed that cell changes indicating apoptosis were more pronounced between 400-800 μg/mL. Based on the results, producing CuO:NiO nanocomposites with useful applications in cancer therapy can be achieved with green synthesis by using plant extracts, since the type of compounds in the extract greatly influences both the properties and the biological activity of the final nanocomposites.
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