Analysis of Modern Methods for Controlling Moisture in Compound Feed and Metrological Capabilities of the Dielecometric Method
Keywords:
compound feed, moisture content, dielecometric method, dielectric permittivity, moisture meter, metrological support, calibration, measurement uncertainty, thermogravimetric method, quality controlAbstract
The article presents a comparative analysis of modern methods for moisture control—one of the key indicators determining product quality and shelf life in compound feed production. The operating principles, accuracy, speed, and application areas of thermogravimetric, Karl Fischer, infrared drying, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), microwave, conductometric, and dielecometric methods are examined. The physical foundations of the dielecometric method, its metrological characteristics, factors influencing measurement results, and issues regarding measurement uncertainty estimation are covered in detail. Recommendations are provided for improving the normative and technical framework for calibrating and verifying dielecometric moisture meters.
References
[1] Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan, “On Metrology,” New Edition, No. ZRU-653, Dec. 11, 2020.
[2] ISO 6496:1999, Animal Feeding Stuffs—Determination of Moisture and Other Volatile Matter Content, International Organization for Standardization, 1999.
[3] GOST 13496.3-92, Mixed Feeds, Raw Materials. Methods for Determination of Moisture, Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification, 1992.
[4] GOST 29027-91, Moisture Meters for Solids and Bulk Materials. General Technical Requirements and Test Methods, Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification, 1991.
[5] ISO/IEC 17025:2017, General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and Calibration Laboratories, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.
[6] JCGM 100:2008, Evaluation of Measurement Data—Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, 2008.
[7] A. Kraszewski, Microwave Aquametry: Electromagnetic Wave Interaction with Water-Containing Materials. New York, NY, USA: IEEE Press, 1996.
[8] M. A. Berliner, Moisture Measurement (Izmereniye Vlazhnosti). Moscow, Russia: Energiya, 1973, 400 p.
[9] S. O. Nelson, Dielectric Properties of Agricultural Materials and Their Applications. New York, NY, USA: Academic Press, 2015.
[10] O‘z DSt 8.010:2019, State System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements: Procedures for Development, Certification, and Application of Measurement Techniques, Uzbekistan, 2019.
[11] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley, 2012.
[12] A. W. Kraszewski and S. O. Nelson, “Microwave moisture measurement in agricultural materials,” Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 173–182, 1996.
[13] S. O. Nelson, “Dielectric properties of agricultural products—Applications in microwave processing and sensing,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 2158–2163, Dec. 1999.
[14] A. W. Kraszewski, “Microwave aquametry—A review,” Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 219–230, 1996.
[15] H. A. Gallager, Measurement Uncertainty: A Practical Guide. New York, NY, USA: Springer, 2000.
